How To

An allergic reaction is a serious condition and can be potentially life threatening. The most common allergic reactions occur due to ingestion of food, insect stings or bites or medication to which the patient is sensitive.

Treat severe reactions seriously and seek medical help as soon as possible.

Signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction:

• Swelling, redness or itching of the skin
• Raised patches or blotches on skin (welts or hives)
• Swelling of the throat or face
• Coughing, wheezing and difficulty breathing
• Rapid, irregular pulse
• Profuse sweating
• Tightness in chest
• Headache
• Nausea and or vomiting or diarrhoea
• Dizziness or unconsciousness

Steps to follow:

1. Monitor the patients lifeline (DRABC)
   Follow DRABC and be prepared to give CPR if necessary.
2. Assist with administering adrenaline (for known allergic reactions)
   Some patients with known allergies will have an emergency dose of adrenaline with them- sometimes called an 'epi pen'. Assist the patient to self administer it, or if they indicate to you they are carrying it and are unable to self- administer, administer it for them.
3. Call for medical assistance
   Inform the emergency response team you are dealing with an allergic reaction and if possible indicate what the allergy is.
4. Immobilise patient
   Keep the casualty in a lying down (recovery position) or seated position if they are fully conscious.
5. Monitor breathing and circulation
   Talk to the patient to calm and reassure them. Record their pulse and breathing rate and continually monitor them for signs of deterioration.

Make notes to provide to medical help when it arrives. Try to establish what the patient is most likely reacting to. If they have any known allergies, make a note of them in case the patient loses consciousness.